{"id":6185,"date":"2026-06-11T14:30:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T12:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/courses\/easy-russian-stories-at-the-post-office-2\/lessons\/grammar-note-16-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T14:42:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T12:42:25","slug":"grammar-note-17","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/courses\/easy-russian-story-for-beginners-coffee-shop\/lessons\/grammar-note-17\/","title":{"rendered":"Point de Grammaire"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"hri-page\">\n<details class=\"hri-details hri-details-en\" open=\"\">\n<summary>\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde7 ENGLISH<\/summary>\n<div class=\"hr-card\">\n<h4>1. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u2014 adjective agreement<\/h4>\n<p>The barista asks Masha:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439? <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439?\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p>These three adjectives describe the size of the coffee cup (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d \u2014 masculine). They agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. Here they are in the nominative masculine form.<\/p>\n<p>Masha replies: <span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;I&#8217;ll have a large one.&#8221;<\/em> \u2014 the noun (\u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d) is omitted because it is understood from context. This is very common in caf\u00e9 and restaurant Russian: you name the adjective without repeating the noun.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 + adjective\/noun<\/strong> is the standard way to order food and drink in Russian. Literally &#8220;I will be [having].&#8221; It is warmer and more natural than \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435 (just give me):<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0444. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0444.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span> \u2014 I&#8217;ll have a large raf.<br \/><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span> \u2014 I&#8217;ll have borsch and a cutlet.<\/div>\n<h4>2. \u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u2014 imperatives and &#8220;to go&#8221;<\/h4>\n<p>Masha asks for her coffee to go:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Please make it to go.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The construction <strong>\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439<\/strong> (literally &#8220;with oneself&#8221;) is the standard Russian phrase for &#8220;to go \/ takeaway.&#8221; It is used in all caf\u00e9s and coffee shops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/strong> is the polite imperative (\u0432\u044b form) of \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 &#8220;make \/ do.&#8221; In service situations, the \u0432\u044b imperative is the norm.<\/p>\n<table class=\"phrasebook-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Infinitive<\/th>\n<th>Polite imperative (\u0432\u044b)<\/th>\n<th>English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>make \/ do (please)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>please wait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>please try<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>please tap (your card)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u0421 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 vs. \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c:<\/strong> When ordering in a Russian caf\u00e9, the barista or waiter may ask: \u0421 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c? \u2014 To go or to stay? These are the two standard options, just like &#8220;for here or to go&#8221; in English.<\/div>\n<h4>3. \u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u2014 instrumental case for means<\/h4>\n<p>The barista asks:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438? <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438?\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Payment by card or cash?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Both <strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/strong> and <strong>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/strong> are in the <strong>instrumental case<\/strong>. In Russian, the means or instrument by which something is done takes the instrumental case.<\/p>\n<table class=\"phrasebook-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nominative<\/th>\n<th>Instrumental<\/th>\n<th>Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>by card<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>in cash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>with a pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>with a spoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Masha pays cash: <span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>French parallel:<\/strong> In French you pay <em>par carte \/ en esp\u00e8ces<\/em>. In Russian: \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \/ \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. The instrumental case in Russian functions like the French prepositions par and en \u2014 both express the means of doing something.<\/div>\n<h4>4. \u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u2014 impersonal constructions with \u043d\u0435<\/h4>\n<p>When the card payment fails:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Sorry, the payment didn&#8217;t go through.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>And after the second attempt:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Nothing works \/ it&#8217;s not working.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430<\/strong> \u2014 past tense of \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 (to pass \/ to go through). Used for payments, transactions, and processes that either succeed or fail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong> \u2014 impersonal: &#8220;it doesn&#8217;t work out \/ it&#8217;s not happening.&#8221; The subject is nobody \u2014 it simply isn&#8217;t working.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span> \u2014 I can&#8217;t manage it. \/ It&#8217;s not working for me.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong> is one of the most useful impersonal phrases in Russian \u2014 for anything that isn&#8217;t going as planned: technology, cooking, learning a language. It expresses failure without assigning blame to anyone.<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"hri-details hri-details-fr\">\n<summary>\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 FRAN\u00c7AIS<\/summary>\n<div class=\"hr-card\">\n<h4>1. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u2014 l&#8217;accord des adjectifs<\/h4>\n<p>Le barista demande \u00e0 Macha :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439? <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439?\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ces trois adjectifs d\u00e9crivent la taille du gobelet (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d \u2014 masculin). Ils s&#8217;accordent avec le nom en genre, nombre et cas. Ici ils sont \u00e0 la forme nominative masculine.<\/p>\n<p>Macha r\u00e9pond : <span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab Je prendrai un grand. \u00bb<\/em> \u2014 le nom (\u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d) est omis parce qu&#8217;il est compris par le contexte. C&#8217;est tr\u00e8s courant dans le russe des caf\u00e9s et restaurants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 + adjectif\/nom<\/strong> est la fa\u00e7on standard de commander \u00e0 manger et \u00e0 boire en russe. Litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab je serai [en train de prendre]. \u00bb C&#8217;est plus chaleureux que \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435 (donnez-moi juste) :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0444. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0444.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span> \u2014 Je prendrai un grand raf.<br \/><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span> \u2014 Je prendrai le borchtch et une c\u00f4telette.<\/div>\n<h4>2. \u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u2014 les imp\u00e9ratifs et \u00ab \u00e0 emporter \u00bb<\/h4>\n<p>Macha demande son caf\u00e9 \u00e0 emporter :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab S&#8217;il vous pla\u00eet, faites-le \u00e0 emporter. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La construction <strong>\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439<\/strong> (litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab avec soi \u00bb) est l&#8217;expression russe standard pour \u00ab \u00e0 emporter. \u00bb Elle est utilis\u00e9e dans tous les caf\u00e9s et coffee shops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/strong> est l&#8217;imp\u00e9ratif poli (forme \u0432\u044b) de \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. Dans les situations de service, l&#8217;imp\u00e9ratif \u0432\u044b est la norme.<\/p>\n<table class=\"phrasebook-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Infinitif<\/th>\n<th>Imp\u00e9ratif poli (\u0432\u044b)<\/th>\n<th>Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>faites \/ faites s&#8217;il vous pla\u00eet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>attendez s&#8217;il vous pla\u00eet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>essayez s&#8217;il vous pla\u00eet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>appuyez \/ tapez (votre carte)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u0421 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 vs. \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c :<\/strong> Pour commander dans un caf\u00e9 russe, le barista peut demander : \u0421 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c ? \u2014 \u00c0 emporter ou sur place ? Ce sont les deux options standard.<\/div>\n<h4>3. \u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u2014 l&#8217;instrumental pour le moyen<\/h4>\n<p>Le barista demande :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438? <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438?\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab Paiement par carte ou en esp\u00e8ces ? \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 et \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 sont tous les deux au <strong>cas instrumental<\/strong>. En russe, le moyen ou l&#8217;instrument par lequel quelque chose est fait prend le cas instrumental.<\/p>\n<table class=\"phrasebook-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nominatif<\/th>\n<th>Instrumental<\/th>\n<th>Sens<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>par carte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>en esp\u00e8ces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>avec un stylo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>avec une cuill\u00e8re<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>Parall\u00e8le fran\u00e7ais :<\/strong> En fran\u00e7ais on paie <em>par carte \/ en esp\u00e8ces<\/em>. En russe : \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439 \/ \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. Le cas instrumental en russe fonctionne comme les pr\u00e9positions fran\u00e7aises <em>par<\/em> et <em>en<\/em> \u2014 les deux expriment le moyen de faire quelque chose.<\/div>\n<h4>4. \u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u2014 constructions impersonnelles avec \u043d\u0435<\/h4>\n<p>Quand le paiement par carte \u00e9choue :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab D\u00e9sol\u00e9, le paiement n&#8217;est pas pass\u00e9. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Et apr\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me tentative :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ru-inline\">\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. <button class=\"ru-audio\" data-text=\"\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab Rien ne marche. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430<\/strong> \u2014 pass\u00e9 de \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 (passer \/ aboutir). Utilis\u00e9 pour les paiements et processus qui r\u00e9ussissent ou \u00e9chouent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong> \u2014 impersonnel : \u00ab \u00e7a ne marche pas \/ \u00e7a ne se passe pas. \u00bb Personne n&#8217;est le sujet \u2014 simplement \u00e7a ne fonctionne pas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vom-insight\"><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong> est l&#8217;une des expressions impersonnelles les plus utiles en russe \u2014 pour tout ce qui ne se passe pas comme pr\u00e9vu : la technologie, la cuisine, l&#8217;apprentissage d&#8217;une langue. Elle exprime l&#8217;\u00e9chec sans d\u00e9signer de coupable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-6185","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/6185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lesson"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/6185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6194,"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/6185\/revisions\/6194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heyrussian.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}